The size of the retinal structures significantly increased with AL (&lt; 0.001) and was well predicted by geometric scaling. Method 1 systematically underestimated the RGC counts by as much as 60%. No bias was observed with Method 2.
The Drasdo model can effectively account for AL assuming geometric scaling. Method 2 should be used for structure-function analyses.
We developed a free web App in Shiny R to make our results available for researchers.
We developed a free web App in Shiny R to make our results available for researchers.Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a serious complication of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, proteinuria, compromised fetal blood supply, and potential organ damage. The superficial location of the eye makes it an ideal target for characterization hemodynamics. Our aim was to discern the impact of PE on ocular blood flow.
18 MHz plane-wave ophthalmic ultrasound scanning was performed on subjects with PE (n = 26), chronic or gestational hypertension (n = 8), and normal controls (n = 19) within 72 hours of delivery. Duplicate three-second long scans of the posterior pole including the optic nerve were acquired at 6000 images/sec for evaluation of the central retinal artery and vein and the short posterior ciliary arteries. The choroid was scanned at 1000 images/sec. Doppler analysis provided values of pulsatile flow velocity and resistance indexes.
End diastolic velocity was higher, and pulsatility and resistive indexes were significantly lower in the choroid, central retinal artery and short posterior ciliary arteries in PE than in controls. Blood pressure was elevated in PE with respect to controls and was negatively correlated with resistance.
Although vasoconstriction is considered characteristic of PE, we found reduced resistance in the orbital vessels and choroidal arterioles, implying vasodilation at this level. Future studies incorporating optical coherence tomography angiography for characterization of the retina and choriocapillaris in conjunction with plane-wave ultrasound scanning, particularly in late pregnancy, might address this conundrum.
Use of plane-wave ultrasound scanning for evaluation ocular blood flow in women at risk for PE may offer an avenue towards early detection and clinical intervention.
Use of plane-wave ultrasound scanning for evaluation ocular blood flow in women at risk for PE may offer an avenue towards early detection and clinical intervention.To determine the normal values and relationships between haloes and objective optical quality in healthy eyes.
In this cross-sectional study, haloes, pupillary responses to light, and objective optical quality were measured with the optical quality analysis system (OQAS) and a vision monitor (MonCv3) in 138 right eyes of 138 healthy young men with mean spherical equivalent of 0.32 ± 0.47 D.
The mean disc halo size was 77.17 ± 25.03 arcmin. The mean objective optical quality values were as follows objective scatter index (OSI), 0.58 ± 0.33; Strehl ratio (SR), 0.21 ± 0.05; modulation transfer function cutoff, 36.27 ± 7.98 cpd; OQAS value (OV)100%, 1.21 ± 0.27; OV20%, 0.91 ± 0.23; and OV9%, 0.59 ± 0.16. Disc halo size correlated independently with OSI (&lt; 0.001) and minimum pupil size (= 0.003) by forward stepwise regression analysis (disc halo size = 16.60 + 26.24 × OSI + 11.34 × minimum pupil size; Rvalue = 17.7%; F = 14.52; &lt; 0.001).
Reference values for disc halo size and objective optical quality in healthy young subjects were established. Eyes with worse objective vision quality exhibited larger haloes.
The study provided the knowledge and the relationships of OQAS and halo measurements from a well-defined group of healthy young subjects. Both measurements are useful in clinical practice to help quantify the vision quality and complement each other.
The study provided the knowledge and the relationships of OQAS and halo measurements from a well-defined group of healthy young subjects. Both measurements are useful in clinical practice to help quantify the vision quality and complement each other.To determine, using an aptamer-based technology in patients with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD), (1) if there is a difference in plasma levels of 4979 proteins in patients with and without reticular pseudodrusen (RPD), and (2) if plasma levels of proteins are related to time to conversion to advanced AMD.
Patients with intermediate AMD and RPD were identified from an AMD registry. Relative concentrations of each protein were log (base 2) transformed and compared between patients with and without RPD using linear regression. A Cox proportional hazards survival model was fit to each aptamer to quantify associations with time to conversion. A pathway analysis was conducted in converters versus non-converters using the Reactome database.
Of the 109 intermediate AMD patients, 39 had bilateral RPD (36%). Two proteins, TCL1A and CNDP1, were lower in patients in the intermediate AMD group with RPD. Twenty-one patients converted to advanced AMD with a median time to conversion of 25.2 months (range, 2.3-48.5 months) and median follow-up time in non-converters of 26.4 months (range, 0.03-49.7 months). Several proteins (lysozyme C, TFF3, RNAS6, and SAP3) distinguished patients who converted from those who did not convert to advanced AMD. The top conversion pathways included tumor necrosis factors bind their physiological receptors, digestion and absorption, signaling by activin, and signaling by TGF-β family members.
We identified a protein signature related to RPD, as well as to conversion to advanced AMD. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/otx015.html The pathway analysis suggests that dysfunction of critical systemic pathways may have links to conversion to advanced AMD.
Biomarkers identified in plasma likely reflect systemic alterations in protein expression in patients with intermediate AMD.
Biomarkers identified in plasma likely reflect systemic alterations in protein expression in patients with intermediate AMD.To investigate the longitudinal changes of the macular curvature in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and to determine the factors associated with the changes.
We reviewed the medical charts of 107 RP patients, for whom the axial length of their right eyes ranged from 21.5 to 26.0 mm and who had had been followed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). The OCT images at the initial and the most recent examinations were compared. The mean curvature of Bruch's membrane within 6 mm of the central macula obtained from the OCT images was evaluated as the mean macular curvature index (MMCI). Changes in the MMCI and their relationships with other clinical factors, including the ellipsoid zone (EZ) width, were assessed.
The MMCI decreased significantly in the vertical OCT images, from -15.47 × 10?mto -16.36 × 10?m(= 0.008) during the mean observation period of 3.4 ± 1.4 years (mean ± SD). This indicated that the macular shape became more concave. The change to a steeper shape was more prominent in eyes with less photoreceptor degeneration and for which the EZ width was preserved at &gt;2000 ?m.